Rao, LaRocca, Fischer, Peyser, and many others have recently made considerable progress in adapting tests that can detect the specific changes seen in this disease, 54, 57, 130 yet much more remains to be done. Standard psychological tests, however, are not very effective in identifying the type of changes that occur in MS. The conviction that cognitive changes must be selectively analyzed and distinguished from other phenomena such as depression and fatigue has emerged only in the last few decades. 143 By the 1990s, those views had changed, and in 1992, the MS Society and the International Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies jointly held a symposium on “Neurobehavioral Disorders in MS: Diagnosis, Underlying Pathology, Natural History and Therapeutics.” Cognitive changes are now estimated to occur in about 43 percent of MS cases. At the time, it was estimated that only 5 percent of MS patients might incur cognitive change, and it was argued that cognitive change was relatively unimportant in MS. Donald Paty (personal communication) noted that there was a negative reaction to his suggestions in the 1970s that cognitive dysfunction should be a focus of study by the National MS Society. 143 Just as clinicians passed off the frequent symptoms of pain and fatigue as features of the disease, they also ignored the often seen emotional and cognitive changes (Jock Murray, personal communication). 140Įarly writers on MS often commented on cognitive and emotional changes, but in the mid-twentieth century, a pattern of denial of these features developed in the medical literature. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most disabling features of MS and, even when subtle, can begin to limit a person's ability to cope, to stay employed, and to carry out family responsibilities and enjoy life. 146įear of mental change is one of the greatest concerns of MS patients when they learn they have the disease. They are presented roughly in order of the importance that MS patients assign to them as determinants of overall quality of life, although it should be noted that this ranking is based on a small survey and that individual variability is a prominent feature of all aspects of MS. 146 Nine of the most prominent symptoms are described in this chapter. This is different from neurologists' beliefs about the most important determinants of health-related quality of life for patients with MS or the beliefs of members of the general public about their own quality of life. In general, MS patients report mental health as more important than physical impairment and bodily pain in determining their quality of life. The majority of fleeting cerebral abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot be correlated with any symptoms even chronically demyelinated areas of the optic nerve and spinal cord can be symptom free. Some symptoms such as dizziness, tingling sensations on the skin, or visual tracking disturbances are easily forgotten and are often hard for patients to describe. Send us feedback about these examples.The signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are generally related to the most heavily myelinated parts of the central nervous system (CNS), but they are notoriously variable. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'relax.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Rachel Looker, USA TODAY, 8 July 2023 Breathe deep, stop everything, re-set brain, relax shoulders, with cool head then calculate best plan, then execute plan. Henry Chandonnet, Peoplemag, 10 July 2023 Bipartisan lawmakers in Congress are looking to relax guidelines surrounding marijuana use for military members − in part as a solution to bolster recruitment efforts for the armed services. Nojan Aminosharei, Men's Health, 10 July 2023 With her wavy blonde hair and glossy lips, Gaga, 37, was casual beauty goals while relaxing in a loose-fit pink sweatshirt. Sullivan,, 11 July 2023 But Davis knows how to relax, too, like on a trip to Jamaica last summer. Samantha Falewée, Travel + Leisure, 11 July 2023 There is little in the forecast to suggest the heat will relax anytime soon, Taylor said. Good Housekeeping, 12 July 2023 Its rooftop pool is the place to see and be seen in Rio, whether guests prefer to relax on a lounge chair or head to the bar to socialize. Karson Yiu, ABC News, 12 July 2023 Dim the lights and engage in some relaxing rituals such as stretching or yoga, reading (from a paper book!) or even a pampering skincare routine. Recent Examples on the Web Long after other countries relaxed masking requirements due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Japan remained diligent and the country's residents continued to wear masks.
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